JSON Web Tokens

Signed tokens that carry claims, so any service can verify a user without calling the identity provider. Keep them short-lived, because a signed token cannot easily be revoked.

Where it shows up in real systems

  • Identity provider

    Handles passwords, MFA and social login, then issues short-lived tokens. Services that call it on every request inherit its latency and availability; validating signed JWTs locally avoids that dependency.

    In production: Auth0, Keycloak, Amazon Cognito, Microsoft Entra ID, Okta

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