Least privilege

Every user, service and machine gets only the permissions it needs. When something is compromised, the damage stays small.

Where it shows up in real systems

  • Secrets manager

    Applications fetch credentials at start-up instead of keeping them in code or environment files. Automatic rotation limits the damage of a leak.

    In production: HashiCorp Vault, AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key Vault, Google Secret Manager

  • Secure admin access

    Instead of opening SSH or database ports to the internet, engineers go through a bastion or an identity-aware proxy with short-lived credentials and session recording.

    In production: AWS Systems Manager Session Manager, Teleport, Google IAP, Azure Bastion, Tailscale

See it break, then fix it

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