- Intermediate
- Reliability
Where it shows up in real systems
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Auto-scaling group
Instances are added when CPU exceeds the target and removed when it falls. New instances need a warm-up period before taking traffic, so sudden spikes still hurt: keep enough minimum capacity. Failed instances are replaced automatically.
In production: AWS Auto Scaling groups, Azure VM Scale Sets, GCP Managed Instance Groups, Kubernetes HPA
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Container service
Each replica gets a slice of CPU and memory, so you scale in small steps. The orchestrator restarts crashed replicas and spreads them across zones.
In production: Kubernetes Deployment, Amazon ECS on Fargate, Google Cloud Run, Azure Container Apps
See it break, then fix it
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