Windowing

Grouping an endless stream into tumbling, sliding or session windows so aggregates have a beginning and an end. Late events need a policy: wait with watermarks or correct afterwards.

Where it shows up in real systems

  • Stream processor

    Windows such as the last five minutes turn an endless stream into results: counts, fraud scores, trending topics. Checkpoints let the job restart without losing or double-counting events.

    In production: Apache Flink, Kafka Streams, Spark Structured Streaming, Amazon Managed Service for Apache Flink

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